Improvement in bolt-heading machines



1. m t 7 8 o0 WZ. e 1 k M N m 1 w, w .H 8 hun. M e In S .w fu 3 M .w l E. ea il C nDl m .I M h n n. H a m M gx. r ab w S n wJ m .d m C a m S t 0 B Wmmms.

uhm/:@AM

l 3SheetS--Sheet3l. S'. C. SMITH. l

Bult-HeadingA Machine. y No.l62,58 3. @w PatenwdAprilzLiaa M [EN UNITED STATES SAMUEL C. SMITH, OF LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BOLT-HEADING MACHINES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 162,553, dated April 27, 1875; application filed January 23, 1875.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, SAMUEL C. SMITH, of Lowell, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bolt-Heading Machines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings making part of this speciiication, in which- Figure l represents a rear-side elevation; Fig. 2, a front-side elevation; Fig. 3, a central vertical section on the line a b of Fig. l. Fig. 4 represents a horizontal cross-section on the line c d of Fig. 3. Figs. 5 and 6 represent detached details considerably enlarged. Fig. 7 represents an enlarged sectional elevation of the heading-die, the socket which carries the die, and the bottom set-screw and its spindle for removing the die and some other parts.

This invention relates to machines for heading bolts; and has for its object to form the heads of bolts of equal or uniform size, and with reasonable rapidity, whether such boltheads are four-square or six-square. The thickness of the bolt-head is not regarded as an important feature, but the diameter, orthe external dimensions or square of the bolt-head, to which the wrench is applied for turning the screw-threaded bolt in or out, is the important feature; and it is for the purpose of forging or forming heads to bolts, all of which heads shall be so nearly alike or equal as to require no finishing, that I have invented andl constructed my said invention of the bolt-heading machine.

This invention consists, first, in the screwfurnished adjustable connection B1, in combination with the toggle-bars and hammer-head and its die, and with the side hammers, connected with and operated by the hammer-head, by means of arms L and toggle-levers, as hereinafter fully described. This invention also consists of certain new and useful improvements in the mechanism which operates to turn or revolve the bolt and the die, and to arrest the revolving motion of them without breaking the parts, and at intervals which are regulated by adjusting certain of the co-operative elements, so as to form bolt-heads, Which are four or six square-that is, so as to present the different or opposite Vfour or six square forming sides of the bolt-head regularly to the side hammers, and thereby to insure the formation of a head with equal and uniform sides, and of any number of boltheads so nearly alike or equal as to require no iinishing, the said mechanism being connected and cooperating with the combination of elements which operate the headinghammer and the side hammers, so as to produ'cepunitary results by certain described elements or combinations of elements, and a complete result by the whole machine, containing such new elements, combinations, or mechanisms, as hereinafter described.

In the said drawings, A represents the bed or beam which carries the bolt-heading` die a, and the revolving die-socket d, which is rotated by a ratchet-wheel, f, and a pawl, a, carried by a horizontal reciprocating slide, b, arranged in guides a beneath the beam A. End posts B connect with and are supported by the beam A, having extensions below the latter, and terminate in a base or feet, F. Said posts also rise above the beam, and their top ends are supported by a cross-girt or beam, D. 0n the rear sides of the posts B are project-ing arms lil, which support the bearings of the main crank-shaft H, which in its turn carries the driving clutch-pulley I and the balancewheel K.

Between the posts B I arrange the hammerhead D1, which has a vertical motion and works in guides formed in or upon the posts, or secured thereto. The hammer-head is constructed with, or carries, side arms L, for connecting and operating the reciprocating side hammers M, each by three toggle-bars, c w y, as shown. Beneath the bed or beam A, and secured thereto, is a box or frame, N, which supports the guides a and the slide b, to which is adjustably connected a st-ud, c, and a link, b, and the latter is connected to an adjustable rocking-lever, which operates the slide, as hereinafterdescribed. Thetwo ratchet-wheels j" and 7L are secured to the periphery or barrel of the die-socket d, so as to revolve the die and the forming-bolt. The pawl n on the slide b operates the lower ratchet-wheel, to turn or revolve the socket l and the die in one direction, as when the head of the bolt is bein g formed, and to arrest the rotary lnotion ot' socket andthe die. The upperratchet-wheel is a co-operative element, and up to this point I have described old machinery.

I will now describe what I believe to be new in my machine, and as my invention, and, referring to said drawings, B1 represents a Amovable and adjustable toggle-connection, placed between the upper ends of the -posts B, and having a screw, g, passing through the top girt l), and working in a nut or screw-thread in the connection B1, so as to raise or lower the latter and the connected toggle-bars Pand It and the hammer-head D1, and thereby to regulate the length ofthe motion and the stroke ot' the hammer and its die c, so as to cause the latter to strike with greater orless force upon the top of the forming vbolt-head, while the side hammers M forge np the sides ot' the head. Thetormingbolt-head being in full view of the operator, he is enabled, by the screw g and the connection Bl, to so control and regulate the action ot the top hammer as to work all the stock ot each blank into a bolt and its head with unerring precision, and without perceptible variation in any number-of boltheads thus formed, except in the thickness ot' the bolt-heads, which is of no great'importance, as most ot' the heads are tlnished on the top and underside, andthe removal ot' alittle more or less of that part of' the head by the simple turning process makes but little dit`- ference in the labor or costof finishing. Without this adjustment of the heading-hammer to regulate its length of motion and stroke, the bolt-heads would all be of the same thickness, but the sides and-square ot the heads would vary considerably,and, as aconsequence, the sides must be slabbed off by a slow and expensive process, in order to reduce the sides to a condition ot' equality or uniformity that will admit the application of the wrench used for turning the screw-threaded bolts. In connection or in combination with the headinghammer adjusting devices, I employ two toggle-bars, I) and R, and a crank and toggle connecting knuckle-bar S, the knucklefjoint being at thejunction ot' the three bars, which are iitted and shouldered together, and the knuckle-bar is forked onto the toggle-bars at this point, as shown, and connected by a pin or pivot, q, passing through their joint. The lower toggle-bar has its lower end pivoted to the hammer-head D1.

The upper end of the upper toggle-bar is pivoted to the under side of the connection B1, or to ears or chocks E1 depending therefrom. The outer end ot' the knuckle-bar connects with the crank X, and when the crank-shaft H revolves, the crank operates the toggle-bars, and through these the hammer-head Dlyand what I consider as one new feature in this mechanism is the predetermined construction, arrangement, and combination of the parts or elements, whereby the hammer-head, or the top die c, is caused to strike the top end of the forming bolt-head with the greatest force when the crank X is on its center, and the toggle bars P and R are vertical, as shown in Fig. 3, as by this construction, arrangement, and combination, I obtain the greatest possible amount of power of the crank X and the operative connections, and with the smallest amount ot' rpower to drive or operate the crank, and the toggle-bars, and the connected hammer-head.

I have mentioned the adjustable rocking-lever which operates the slide b. This lever is marked D2, and, in addition to its link and stud connection with the slide, it has a clamping and adjusting box, g1,near its upper end, by which it is held in position, the box g1 being furnished with end pivots which enter the side hubs d3 projecting inward from other clam ping-boxes a, which are adjustable on vertical horns E2, or supports, secured by feet or ilanges t to the rear side ot1 the beam A. The upper end of the rocking-lever D2 has forward-projecting ears c1, which carry a roller-stud, 4, working in a cam-groove, g3, ot' a cam,-E3, secured to the rear side ofthe hammerhead D1,and carried by the latter, so as to cause the cam-groove to operate the rocking-lever 'by the vertical reciprocating motion of the head D1, and by this rocking motion of the lever to operate the slide I), and, through this, the pawl 'n and the lower ratchet-wheel f, to revolve or turn the connected socket d and the die a and the forming bolt in one direction, and either one-sixth or one-fourth of a revolution, so that the side hammer will forge the bolt-head either six or tour square; and, to regulate the length of stroke given to the rocking-lever by the cam E3, and thereby the connected slide; to cause the pawl n to turn the ratchet one-sixth or one-fourth of a revolution. The rocking-lever and the clampingboxes u are made adjustable, the lever in -its box g1, and the boxes u on their horns or supports, by pins or stops c2, set in-the lever and in the horns E2, to regulate the adjustment. By moving the boxes u and the box g1 up against the upper pins, the motion ot' the rocking-lever will belong enough to move the slide b and the pawl n suiticient to cause the vpawl tovturn the ratchet j' and the socket, the

die a, and the forming bolt-head onefourth of arevolution at each forward motion ot' the slide, and thereby to cause the side ham mers to form a four-square bolt-head. To form a six-sided bolt-head the/boxes u and the box vg1 are moved down against the Alower pins c2,

connected to the slide b is a spring-dog, g4,-

whose office is to arrest the rotary motion of the bolt and die carrying the socket, by contact ofthe spring portion of the dog with the teeth of the upper ratchet h. The position of the parts, when thus operating or acting, is clearly shown in Figs. et and 5, wherein the pawl n is represented as having turned the ratchet f a certain part of a revolution, and the spring-dog g4, or the spring portion g5 thereof, having been brought into contact with a tooth ot' theupper ratchet, and arrested its rotary motion.

The new feature in this combination is the spring-dog, without which (and if a rigid dog is used) the motion of the ratchet is arrested so suddenly as to break the dog, or the lever D2, or the teeth from the ratchet l1., or some other part of this combination. rlhe springdog prevents breakage or injury to itself or to other connected parts, and insures the safe and certain operation of the bolt-turning apparatus.

I sometimes employ a spring-catch, z, at the forward side of the lowe rratchet f, to prevent any back action of ratchets when the slide b recedes, and the pawl n is drawn back against the teeth of the ratchet. rlhe pawl is held in contact with, or pressed against, such teeth by a spring, c3, bearing on the back of the pawl. One end of the spring c3 is-secured 'to some part ofthe slide, as shown. The spring g5 of the spring-dog is, as at present advised, best made in the form of a bow, as seen in Fig. 6, and then it will be more free to yield to the striking action of the ratchet-teeth, and less liable to break by the same or any other like or similar action. A setscrew, D3, passes through the bottom of the box N, and has a loose or a connected spindle, b2, extending upward into theinterior ofthe die-socket (l, and adjustable by the screw for a double purpose: First, by its predetermined construction, to force up the heading-die a whenever it becomes necessary to remove it from the socket d to replace the die by another, or for other reason and, second, for adjustment, to regulate the length of the shank ofthe bolt, without contact with the die-socket, and consequently without obstructing or. retarding the action of the ratchets, the pawl n, or the slide, and other die and socket turning mechanisms.

To form a bolt with my improved machine, I generally use square iron, and after heating the end of a bar l forge or swage a portion of the end of sufficient length for the round shank of the bolt, and cutit oi in the square and leave enough of the square portion for the bolt-head then placing the round swaged shank in thedie a,Iship in the clutchm of the driving-wheel or clutch-pulley 1'., and thus set the machine in motion, causing the hammerhead to move up and down, and the top die to strike on the top of the head portion of the forming-bolt, and the side-hammersto strike the sides ot' the bolt-head, while the ratchcts f and h and the socket and die a are rotated bythe pawl u, and the connecting mechanisms, as described. Watching the operation ot" the hammers, I'turn the screw g by the wheel B2, and either raise or lower the connection B1, and with it the toggles, the hammerhead, and the top die c, causing the latter to form the top end of the bolt-head perfect, while the side hammers perfect the sides or squares of the head with perfect corners, sometimes raising the connection B1 a little, by the screw g, to relieve the blows ot' the top die c, and thereby to favor the action of the side hammers and allow them to form the head with full sharp corners and equal and uniform sides, regardless ot' the thickness of the head, which l regard as ot' little i1nportance, as before stated. After the bolt and its head are fully formed, it is easily withdrawn from the die a, by a pair of tongs, taking hold of the head of the bolt, and the process of making other bolts is repeated, as before described.

I claim as my invention- 1. The adjustable connection Bl and its screw g, in combination with toggle-bars P and R, and hammer-head D1, and its die c, and with the side hammers M by means ot arms L and toggle levers U 4w y, substantially as described.

2. The adjustable slide and pawl-operating mechanism, consisting ot' the cam E3 with the cam-groove g3, the rocking-lever D2, having ears cl, carrying a roller-stud, 4, in the said cam-groove, and connected to the slide b by a link, d2, and a stud, c, and adjustable to vary the motion of the slide by a box, g1, on the latter, and by similar boxes u on horns E2, and with stops c2 in the slide and the horns, substantially as described.

3. The stops c2, in combination with the adjustable. clamping-boxes g1 and u, and with the lever D2, and horns or supports E2, substantially as described.

4. The spring-dog g4, having a spring, g5, in combination with the slide b, pawl n, and ratchets fand h, and die-socket d, and operating substantially as described.

SAMUEL C. SMITH.

Witnesses:

JOHN E. CRANE, WILLIAM R. CRANE. 

